Commercial Law

If you’ve lost a government tender and suspect it was unfairly awarded, a tender review lawyer can help you challenge the decision. In South Africa, public procurement is tightly regulated, and legal remedies are available when tenders are awarded unlawfully. Understanding Tender Reviews A tender review is a legal process where a rejected bidder challenges the fairness or legality of a government tender award. The goal is to ensure that public procurement remains transparent, competitive, and in line with the constitutional promise of administrative justice. Under South African law, tenders must be evaluated fairly, with all bidders treated equally. However, irregularities such as bias, procedural errors, or non-compliance with procurement regulations often occur. In such cases, a review provides aggrieved bidders an avenue to seek lawful remedies, including setting aside the award. What does tender review mean? It refers to the evaluation and possible legal challenge of decisions made during the tender process, especially those that lack fairness, transparency or compliance with procurement laws. Tender Review Process in South Africa South Africa’s legal framework for tender reviews is largely governed by the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act (PAJA), which gives any person affected by an administrative decision the right to a procedurally fair process. Here’s how the process typically unfolds: Internal appeal (optional but recommended): Some organs of state offer an internal appeal or dispute resolution channel, although not mandatory. Lodging a judicial review application: If the internal process fails or isn’t available, the disappointed bidder may bring a review before the High Court. Review grounds: These may include non-compliance with tender regulations, procedural unfairness, bias, or an irrational decision. Review timeline: Proceedings under PAJA are ordinarily instituted within 180 days of the date on which the applicant became aware of the administrative action (PAJA s7(1)(b)); courts may grant condonation in appropriate circumstances. This is where SB Lawyers comes in. Instead of grappling alone with legal technicalities and court deadlines, they handle judicial review applications on your behalf, ensuring procedural fairness and adherence to legal principles from start to finish. Understanding the proceedings attorneys must follow across the different courts in SA is crucial for a successful challenge. The courts evaluate whether the administrative action by a public authority was lawful, reasonable, and fair. A successful case can result in the award being set aside, requiring the institution to restart or rectify the tender process. Common Issues and Legal Challenges Many government procurement processes in South Africa suffer from irregularities. The most common issues include: Non-compliance with bid specifications Inconsistent scoring methodologies Awarding contracts to ineligible bidders Failure to adhere to Section 217 of the Constitution, which mandates fairness, equity, and transparency Illustrative example: courts have set aside tender awards where material non-compliance (including nondisclosure of material information) was established. These examples demonstrate that courts take transparency and procedural compliance seriously. Irregularity Legal Remedy Unfair scoring Judicial review Ineligible winning bidder Disqualification via court Lack of publication of results Mandamus for procedural fairness Biased selection committee Recusal and rerun of evaluation Importance of Tender Review Lawyers Engaging a tender review lawyer is not just about going to court — it’s about strategy, timing, and protecting your company’s long-term opportunities. Public entities often make high-stakes decisions that affect livelihoods and business viability. You need professionals who understand contract law, procurement law, and administrative law intricately. Beyond litigation, lawyers assist by: Identifying irregularities before they escalate Advising on compliance when responding to RFPs Drafting objections and legal correspondence to public authorities Preparing affidavits and court-ready applications Going it alone risks missing a strict deadline or framing an argument poorly. This is where SB Lawyers stands out. We have offices in Pretoria and Nelspruit and experienced attorneys; readers should verify firm credentials on the firm’s official website or the Legal Practice Council directory. Many clients assume hiring attorneys is expensive. But in context, it’s a cost-effective way to protect millions in potential revenue. Attorney hourly rates vary widely by firm, specialisation and location; clients should request the firm’s fee schedule. SB Lawyers—Your Partner in Tender Disputes Founded in 1997 and led by seasoned attorneys Daniel Schoeman and Yolandie Borman, SB Lawyers has become a go-to legal partner for public procurement disputes. Their focus on transparency, administrative law, and judicial review has helped numerous companies secure justice. In one high-profile case, SB Lawyers challenged a tender where a municipal department appointed a company lacking CIDB registration — a clear violation of regulations. Their legal team swiftly filed a review application, citing non-compliance, procedural unfairness, and unjustifiable scoring. The court ruled in favour of SB Lawyers’ client, and the tender was re-evaluated, ultimately awarded to the rightful bidder. Their strategic advice goes beyond immediate litigation. The firm often hosts workshops for internal procurement teams, helping clients understand compliance requirements and reduce future risks. For businesses involved in franchising or commercial agreements, SB Lawyers also provides guidance on how commercial lawyers protect franchisees and franchisors. What sets SB Lawyers apart: Deep understanding of the procedural and legal intricacies of public procurement Direct client involvement in strategy and decisions Capacity to act swiftly within the 180-day PAJA window Offices in both Gauteng and Mpumalanga, making us locally accessible The Legal Framework: More Than Just Procedure Public procurement in South Africa is governed by several important laws and regulations: The Constitution (Section 217): Mandates fairness, equity, competitiveness, transparency, and cost-effectiveness Promotion of Administrative Justice Act (PAJA): Allows for review of unfair, irrational, or unlawful administrative action Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act (PPPFA): Includes the familiar 80/20 rule What is the 80/20 rule in tender? It’s a preference point system used in evaluating tenders below a certain threshold. For certain procurement thresholds prescribed in the PPPFA Regulations an 80/20 points system is used (80 points for price, 20 for preference points such as B-BBEE), but the applicable system depends on the procurement value and current regulations. These legal instruments aren’t just technical guidelines—they establish enforceable rights for bidders. If public authorities don’t act reasonably or lawfully, courts can

Intellectual property lawyers protect these assets through strategic court applications for patents, trademarks, copyrights, and registered designs. At SB Lawyers, our commercial law expertise extends to comprehensive IP protection, ensuring clients receive expert legal advice on effective enforcement strategies. South African IP law provides multiple judicial avenues for enforcement, each tailored to specific types of intellectual property rights. Patent Infringement and Invalidity Applications The Court of the Commissioner of Patents Patent litigation in South Africa operates through the specialised Court of the Commissioner of Patents in Pretoria. The Commissioner has the powers of a High Court judge and handles all patent disputes, including infringement and invalidity matters. Patent Infringement Proceedings Patent holders seek remedies for unauthorised use of protected inventions through infringement proceedings. These applications require comprehensive evidence demonstrating how defendants’ actions fall within the patent claim scope. Corporate lawyers must provide a detailed technical analysis linking the alleged infringement to specific patent claims. Invalidity and Revocation Applications Defendants often counterclaim for patent revocation, challenging validity on grounds including lack of novelty, obviousness, or insufficient disclosure. Constitutional Court decisions in cases like Ascendis clarified approaches in revocation proceedings and invalidity defences. Available Remedies The Commissioner grants interdicts against further infringement, delivery-up orders for infringing products, and damages or reasonable royalties. Given South Africa’s non-examining patent system, invalidity challenges form central parts of litigation strategy, requiring expert testimony and prior art searches. Trademark Protection and Anti-Dilution Applications High Court Trademark Infringement Applications Trademark infringement applications proceed through the High Court’s general jurisdiction, distinguishing them from specialised patent courts. Commercial attorneys navigate complex legal principles that govern brand protection and prevent consumer confusion. Traditional Infringement Applications Traditional applications focus on unauthorised use of identical or similar marks for identical or similar goods or services. These requirements include evidence of trademark registration, commercial use, and a likelihood of consumer confusion. The strength of registration and distinctiveness significantly influence success. Anti-Dilution Applications Under Section 10(17) The Supreme Court of Appeal decision in National Brands Limited v Cape Cookies CC clarified trademark anti-dilution provisions. Section 10(17) applications now provide broader protection, extending beyond similar goods to prevent the dilution of well-known marks. Anti-dilution applications don’t require evidence of consumer confusion. Applicants must demonstrate a likelihood of unfair advantage or detriment to the trademark’s distinctive character or reputation. Opposition and Cancellation Proceedings Opposition and cancellation proceedings before the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission prevent or remove problematic trademark registrations before commercial harm occurs. Copyright Enforcement Applications High Court Copyright Infringement Proceedings Copyright infringement applications proceed through the High Court as copyright enjoys automatic protection without registration. Commercial law practitioners must understand automatic protection and specific Copyright Act remedies. Proving Copyright Infringement Infringement applications focus on unauthorised reproduction, distribution, public performance, or adaptation of protected works. Applications require proving valid copyright ownership and demonstrating substantial reproduction of original work. Delivery-Up and Damages Applications Delivery-up applications provide powerful remedies in copyright cases. Courts order defendants to deliver infringing copies for destruction, preventing continued unauthorised circulation. Damages applications compensate copyright holders for financial losses. Copyright Tribunal Applications The Copyright Tribunal provides alternative forums for licensing and royalty disputes. This specialised body offers streamlined processes for resolving commercial copyright disputes outside traditional litigation. Emergency and Urgent Relief Applications Anton Piller Orders for Evidence Preservation Anton Piller orders represent powerful tools for intellectual property lawyers in urgent situations. These extraordinary court orders allow evidence search and seizure without prior notice when crucial evidence risks being hidden, destroyed, or compromised. Requirements for Anton Piller Applications Courts grant Anton Piller orders only under exceptional circumstances requiring strong prima facie cases, serious potential harm, and real evidence destruction possibilities. Applications involve ex parte proceedings requiring full and frank court disclosure. Damages undertakings act as safeguards against misuse, requiring applicants to compensate respondents for harm caused by improper execution. Independent supervising attorneys oversee execution while protecting respondents’ rights. Urgent Interim Interdicts Urgent interim interdicts prevent ongoing infringement while main proceedings are pending. Applications require demonstrating prima facie rights, well-grounded apprehension of irreparable harm, and balance of convenience favouring applicants. Commercial IP Dispute Resolution Arbitration Applications Through IP Arbitration Centre The IP Arbitration Centre of South Africa offers specialised arbitration services for complex commercial IP disputes. Arbitration offers a faster resolution and specialist expertise, particularly valuable in technical patent disputes that require deep industry knowledge. Benefits of IP Arbitration Arbitration’s confidential nature protects sensitive commercial transactions and trade secrets from public disclosure. Arbitrators with technical expertise can better understand complex intellectual property (IP) disputes than generalist judges. Mediation Applications Mediation offers a dispute resolution process that preserves business relationships. Commercial lawyers recommend exploring mediation before lengthy court proceedings, particularly for licensing disputes or partnership disagreements. Settlement Agreement Applications Legal services for dispute resolution involve drafting comprehensive settlement agreements addressing immediate disputes and future commercial relationships. Agreements include licensing terms, royalty structures, and ongoing commercial arrangements. SB Lawyers’ IP Litigation Expertise Strategic Commercial Approach SB Lawyers brings extensive commercial and corporate law experience to intellectual property litigation, providing strategic advantages in complex IP disputes. Our understanding of corporate governance, commercial transactions, and legal compliance enables comprehensive protection strategies extending beyond individual court applications. Integrated Business Strategy Successful IP litigation requires integration with broader business strategies. Commercial attorneys at SB Laywers develop enforcement strategies protecting intellectual property rights while supporting overall business objectives and commercial relationships. Choose the Right Intellectual Property Legal Services Finding experienced lawyers with sound intellectual property advice and expertise is crucial, especially when dealing with complex IP disputes and enforcing intellectual property rights in South Africa. SB Lawyers’ Intellectual Property Legal Services: Representation in patent, trademark, copyright, and design infringement proceedings Guidance on IP portfolio management and enforcement strategies Support in conducting IP audits and advising on commercial licensing agreements Clear, strategic legal guidance that protects innovation and creative assets SB Lawyers are experienced intellectual property lawyers, offering you the clarity and confidence needed to move forward, whether you are an inventor, business owner, or creative professional. Our law firm is based in

Starting an online store is exciting, but it comes with responsibilities. South African businesses must follow commercial law rules to protect themselves and their customers. These rules cover online contracts, customer rights, data protection, and fair business practices. At SB Lawyers, we help businesses stay on the right side of the law, avoiding legal trouble while building trust with their customers. Legal Rules for E-commerce Businesses The laws that apply to e-commerce in South Africa include: Here’s how the legal rules affect your online store and what you must do to stay compliant. Essential Legal Frameworks for E-commerce Compliance To succeed in the digital marketplace, businesses must adhere to the following legal frameworks that govern e-commerce in South Africa: 1. Online Sales and Contracts (ECTA) What is it? The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act (ECTA) sets the ground rules for online businesses. It makes digital contracts legally binding and ensures customer rights are respected. What You Need to Do: Clear Terms & Conditions: Your website should explain pricing, refunds, delivery, and warranties. Make sure your customers understand how a purchase is made and finalised. Legal Contracts: Online agreements, such as terms of service, are legally binding if they meet ECTA’s requirements. Electronic Signatures: These are valid under ECTA, but your platform must use secure methods to protect them. Customers also have the right to cancel some purchases within a “cooling-off” period. This should be clearly explained to them upfront. 2. Protecting Customer Data (POPIA) What is it? The Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) ensures that businesses handle personal data responsibly. This includes any information customers provide, such as their names, addresses, or payment details. What You Need to Do: Get Permission: Always ask for a customer’s consent before collecting their personal information. Be Transparent: Your website should have a privacy policy explaining what data you collect and how you use it. Keep Data Secure: Use strong security measures to protect customer information from hackers. Allow Control: Customers must be able to access, update, or delete their data efficiently. Failing to comply with POPIA can lead to penalties or damage to your business reputation. 3. Treating Customers Fairly (CPA) What is it? The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) ensures that customers are treated fairly and protected from unfair business practices. What You Need to Do: Honest Advertising: Be truthful about your products. Don’t make false claims or use misleading marketing tactics. Transparent Pricing: Show accurate prices, including any hidden costs. Simple Returns Policy: Ensure that your returns, refunds, and warranty policies comply with the CPA. They should be easy for customers to find and understand. Unfair Practices: The CPA prohibits tricks like false discounts or bait-and-switch tactics. 4. Offering Payment Plans or Credit (NCA) What is it? If your online store offers customers payment plans or credit options, the National Credit Act (NCA) applies. This law ensures that credit agreements are fair and transparent. What You Need to Do: Clear Payment Terms: Customers should fully understand their payment responsibilities before entering an agreement. Registration: If your store frequently offers credit, you may need to register as a credit provider. Customer Protection: The NCA ensures that customers don’t face unfair debt situations due to unclear credit terms. 5. Protecting Your Brand and Content (Intellectual Property Laws) What is it? Your brand, product names, logos, and website content are valuable assets. Intellectual property laws protect them from being copied or misused by others. What You Need to Do: Register Trademarks: Protect your brand name and logo by registering them as trademarks. Copyright Your Content: Product descriptions, photos, and even website designs should be copyrighted to prevent unauthorised use. Secure Domain Names: Prevent cybersquatters from stealing your brand identity by securing multiple domain variations. Best Practices for E-commerce Legal Compliance To stay compliant and build trust with your customers: Be Transparent: Always be upfront about your business practices, including pricing, shipping, and returns. Secure Your Website: Use secure payment systems to protect customer data. Write Clear Policies: Ensure terms of service, privacy policies, and refund policies are easy to understand. Keep Marketing Honest: Avoid misleading claims and stick to truthful advertising. How SB Lawyers Supports E-commerce Businesses At SB Lawyers, we provide expert legal consultation and services tailored to the needs of e-commerce businesses. Our team offers: Choose SB Lawyers for Your E-commerce Legal Needs Running an online business means following important legal rules to stay safe and build customer trust. SB Lawyers makes it easy. We help you follow the law, protect your business, and keep your customers happy.Get the best legal support by contacting SB Lawyers today.

Contracts outline the responsibilities and rights of all parties involved. They are legal, binding documents that ensure all parties are treated fairly through clearly written clauses. In South Africa, a large part of commercial law involves taking on cases involving contractual obligations and disputes. Whether a party broke their obligation to a client or a client is trying to navigate their obligation appropriately, SB Lawyers has the legal expertise to help. Our article will explore the fundamentals of contractual obligations in commercial law and highlight how these commitments can effectively protect your business interests. What Are Contractual Obligations? Contractual obligations refer to the duties and responsibilities agreed upon by the parties entering a contract. Contracts in commercial law govern various aspects of business, from employment terms and supplier agreements to leases and sales transactions. Types of Contractual Obligations Express Obligations: Express Obligations, such as delivery dates, payment amounts, or performance standards, are explicitly stated in the contract. Implied Obligations: Implied Obligations are not written in the contract but are assumed by law or common business practices. Conditional Obligations: Conditional Obligations depend on the occurrence of a specified event. Once the contract is signed, these obligations become legally binding, and failure to meet them can result in penalties or legal action. Making Your Contract Valid & Binding For a contract to be valid and enforceable under South African law, it must meet the following criteria: Termination of Contracts Contracts may end automatically after a fixed term or event or by mutual agreement. Breach of Contract and Remedies A breach of contract occurs when a party fails to fulfill their contractual obligations. Depending on the severity of the breach, the following remedies may be enforced under South African commercial law: Specific Performance: The court orders the breaching party to fulfill their obligations. Damages: Compensation is awarded to the non-breaching party for losses incurred. Cancellation: The contract may be terminated if the breach is significant. Interdict: A court order preventing a party from breaching the contract further. Must a Contract Be in Writing to Be Binding? In South Africa, contracts do not always need to be in writing to be legally binding. A verbal agreement or even a handshake can form a valid contract as long as certain key elements are met: However, some contracts, such as those involving the sale of immovable property, suretyship agreements, and credit agreements, must be in writing to be enforceable. Importance of Written Contracts in Commercial/Corporate Law While not always legally required, written contracts are crucial in a business as they clearly state the obligations of both parties, make it easier to prove the contract’s existence, and outline remedies in case of a breach. Written agreements reduce the likelihood of misunderstandings and disputes, offering greater protection and reducing the chance of ending up in court. The Importance of Legal Advice in Contractual Matters The drafting of a contract can be complex and requires careful consideration to protect all parties. Seeking expert legal advice from commercial lawyers like SB Lawyers can help businesses avoid potential pitfalls between the parties involved. Navigating Contractual Obligations At SB Lawyers, we specialise in commercial law and offer legal services to help businesses navigate their contractual obligations. Our legal expertise covers: “At SB Lawyers, it is our understanding that well-drafted contracts hold businesses together. We work closely with our clients to navigate these agreements, ensuring the contract protects their interests.” Daniel Schoeman, SB Lawyers. Choose SB Lawyers, Contract Law Experts Obligations held in a contract are crucial for businesses to operate effectively and avoid legal disputes. SB Lawyers provides expert legal guidance to ensure your business contracts are well-structured, compliant, and enforceable. Protect your business and consult with SB Lawyers.

In South Africa, the legal framework surrounding IP is geared to protect these assets, ensuring that businesses can thrive in a competitive environment. This article delves into the relationship between IP and commercial law, with insights from SB Lawyers, to help you understand how to protect your intellectual property effectively and legally. Intellectual Property in South Africa Intellectual Property (IP) law grants individuals and businesses exclusive rights to their original creations. In South Africa, IP is categorised into four main types: patents, registered designs, trademarks, and copyrights. Let’s unpack how each of them helps protect a creator’s assets. Types of Intellectual Property Explained Patents: A patent provides the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the patented invention for the term of the patent. The government grants this limited property right in exchange for inventors sharing details of their inventions with the public. Patents are granted for new, useful, and non-obvious processes, machines, articles of manufacture, or compositions of matter. Similar rights apply to industrial designs and plant varieties. Registering a patent in South Africa requires the assistance of an IP attorney, and detailed advice is available on the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC) website. Registered Designs: In South Africa, designs can be registered as either aesthetic or functional. Aesthetic designs focus on shape, form, appearance, pattern, ornamentation, or configuration. Functional designs are designs that incorporate features necessary for the function of the item to which the design is applied. Registering a design prevents others from imitating it and can be handled by specialised IP attorneys who manage the filing, prosecution, and enforcement of design rights. Trademarks: A trademark is a mark used to identify goods or services and distinguish them from similar offerings in the market. A mark can be a device, name, signature, word, letter, numeral, shape, configuration, pattern, ornamentation, colour, container for goods, or any combination thereof. Once registered, a trademark provides exclusive rights, and unauthorised use of identical or similar marks on similar goods or services would be considered an infringement. IP lawyers are essential in advising on the process of adopting, registering, maintaining, and enforcing trademark rights. Copyright: Copyright protection ensures that the owner has exclusive rights to prevent unauthorised exploitation of their work. Copyright protects specific works, such as literary, musical, and artistic works and films. However, it does not protect the general expression of ideas. IP attorneys can guide you through the process of securing and enforcing your copyrights. IP Protection in Commercial Law Commercial law is a branch of law that governs business and commercial transactions. It encompasses a wide range of legal issues that arise in the course of running a business, including contracts, sales, corporate governance, financial transactions, and intellectual property. The Purpose of Commercial Law The primary objective of commercial law is to facilitate business operations by establishing a legal framework within which businesses can operate. This ensures fairness, efficiency, and predictability in commercial activities. Thus, commercial law in South Africa includes the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Without these protections, businesses risk losing control over their innovations, which could lead to potential financial losses and reputational damage. IP Legislation in Different Countries It is important to note that IP rights registered in South Africa are generally enforceable only within the country. To protect your intellectual property internationally, you must register it in each relevant jurisdiction. This process can be complex, requiring strategic legal planning, guidance and expertise of an IP attorney. IP Protection in South Africa with SB Lawyers SB Lawyers provides specialised advice on commercial law matters, including IP protection. We help businesses navigate the challenges associated with IP protection, such as digital piracy, IP theft, and the complexities of global IP registration. Our proactive approach to IP protection instils faith within our clients -knowing they are at the heart of what we do. “At SB Lawyers, we understand the importance of intellectual property in driving your business’ success. That is why we centre our services around protection and rights enforcement. Know what to do next with SB Lawyers” Yolandie Borman, Senior Partner at SB Lawyers. Sb Lawyers, Trusted Commercial Law Practitioners Intellectual Property is crucial to many industries’ commercial success. The intricacies of IP law in South Africa make expert legal advice indispensable. By consulting with SB Lawyers, you can ensure that your intellectual property is effectively protected, allowing your business to flourish in a competitive environment. Protect your ideas and enforce your rights. Partnering with SB Lawyers, experts in IP and commercial law.